Each of us encounters hundreds of toxic agents everyday, without exposure and subsequent
absorption (uptake) however, there is no risk of injury. Thus, exposure assessment is one of …

Background: The US EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) completed an updated
toxicological review of dichloromethane in November 2011. Objectives: In this commentary …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

Risk assessments are performed to estimate the conditions under which individuals or
populations may be harmed by exposure to environmental or occupational chemicals. In the …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are sophisticated dosimetry models
that offer great flexibility in modeling exposure scenarios for which there are limited data …

Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple
mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose–response …

It has been known for decades that mutagenicity plays an important role in the activity of
most carcinogens. This mutagenicity can result from direct damage to DNA through a …

The objectives of the present study were:(1) to develop a risk assessment methodology for
chemical mixtures that accounts for pharmacokinetic interactions among components, and …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative motor disorder, with its motor
symptoms largely attributable to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The …

A biologically-based algorithm for predicting the tissue: blood partition coefficients (PCs) of
organic chemicals has been developed. The approach consisted of (i) describing tissues …