Gas hydrates have received considerable attention due to their important role in flow
assurance for the oil and gas industry, their extensive natural occurrence on Earth and …

Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a
warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have …

Ultralow temperature-tolerant electronic skins (e-skins) can endow polar robots with tactile
feedback for exploring in extremely cold polar environments. However, it remains a …

Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally‐occurring, and highly‐concentrated form of methane,
sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low …

The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

Quantifying the rates of biogeochemical processes in marine sediments is essential for
understanding global element cycles and climate change. Because organic matter …

Widespread methane release from thawing Arctic gas hydrates is a major concern, yet the
processes, sources, and fluxes involved remain unconstrained. We present geophysical …

Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and
harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical …

The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas
content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice …

Compared to single microbial strains, complex interactions between microbial consortia
composed of various microorganisms have been shown to be effective in expanding …