For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied
with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral …

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an innovative and promising
neuroimaging modality for studying brain activity in real-world environments. While fNIRS …

Background Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has allowed for the
measurement of cerebral and skeletal muscle oxygenation simultaneously during exercise …

FNIRS pre-processing and processing methodologies are very important—how a researcher
chooses to process their data can change the outcome of an experiment. The purpose of this …

Despite decades of research, our understanding of functional brain development throughout
childhood and adolescence remains limited due to the challenges posed by certain …

Significance We present a fiberless, portable, and modular continuous wave-functional near-
infrared spectroscopy system, Spotlight, consisting of multiple palm-sized modules—each …

Background Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive tool used to measure
regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rScO2) initially validated in adult and pediatric …

Diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) at early stages is essential for preventing
sequential complications. CVD is often associated with abnormal cerebral microvasculature …

Music contains substantial contents that humans can perceive and thus has the capability to
evoke positive emotions. Even though neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can provide …

In optical sensing, to reveal the chemical composition of tissues, the main challenge is
isolating absorption from scattering. Most techniques use multiple wavelengths, which adds …