Quantum key distribution (QKD) constitutes a symmetric secret key negotiation protocol
capable of maintaining information-theoretic security. Given the recent advances in QKD …

Twin-field quantum key distribution can overcome the secret key capacity of repeaterless
quantum key distribution via single-photon interference. However, to compensate for the …

The energy sector is expected to undergo significant changes in the coming decades with
the advent of new technologies, including smart grid development, microgrid expansion …

In recent years, the feasibility of quantum key distribution (QKD) in a water channel has been
verified by theory and experiment. Here, we present an experimental investigation of QKD …

The channel fading induced in the ocean quantum links is a major obstacle restricting the
performance of ocean quantum key distribution. To determine the ultimate limits at which …

In satellite-to-submarine quantum communication, sea surface, which may cause refraction
and propagation light deflection, is a non-negligible obstacle. These negative effects can …

In this paper, we establish and experimentally verify a water-to-air (W2A) visible light
communication (VLC) system through dynamic air-water interface. Considering the …

The continuous technological revolution, driven by transformative innovations such as
artificial intelligence, blockchain, and Internet of Things, has left an everlasting mark on the …

The growing importance of underwater networks (UNs) in mission‐critical activities at sea
enforces the need for secure underwater communications (UCs). Classical encryption …

Quantum communication has been at the forefront of modern research for decades, however
it is severely hampered in underwater applications, where the properties of water absorb …