Tool learning with large language models: A survey

C Qu, S Dai, X Wei, H Cai, S Wang, D Yin, J Xu… - Frontiers of Computer …, 2025 - Springer
Recently, tool learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising
paradigm for augmenting the capabilities of LLMs to tackle highly complex problems …

A review of large language models and autonomous agents in chemistry

MC Ramos, CJ Collison, AD White - Chemical Science, 2025 - pubs.rsc.org
Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in chemistry, significantly
impacting molecule design, property prediction, and synthesis optimization. This review …

Criticbench: Benchmarking llms for critique-correct reasoning

Z Lin, Z Gou, T Liang, R Luo, H Liu, Y Yang - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to critique and refine their reasoning is crucial
for their application in evaluation, feedback provision, and self-improvement. This paper …

Aviary: training language agents on challenging scientific tasks

S Narayanan, JD Braza, RR Griffiths… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Solving complex real-world tasks requires cycles of actions and observations. This is
particularly true in science, where tasks require many cycles of analysis, tool use, and …

Meta-task planning for language agents

C Zhang, DGX Deik, D Li, H Zhang, Y Liu - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
The rapid advancement of neural language models has sparked a new surge of intelligent
agent research. Unlike traditional agents, large language model-based agents (LLM agents) …

Security of ai agents

Y He, E Wang, Y Rong, Z Cheng, H Chen - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
The study and development of AI agents have been boosted by large language models. AI
agents can function as intelligent assistants and complete tasks on behalf of their users with …

NesTools: A Dataset for Evaluating Nested Tool Learning Abilities of Large Language Models

H Han, T Zhu, X Zhang, M Wu, H **ong… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Large language models (LLMs) combined with tool learning have gained impressive results
in real-world applications. During tool learning, LLMs may call multiple tools in nested …

Improving Physics Reasoning in Large Language Models Using Mixture of Refinement Agents

R Jaiswal, D Jain, HP Popat, A Anand… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in various reasoning
tasks. However, they encounter significant challenges when it comes to scientific reasoning …

The Fusion of Large Language Models and Formal Methods for Trustworthy AI Agents: A Roadmap

Y Zhang, Y Cai, X Zuo, X Luan, K Wang, Z Hou… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative AI paradigm, profoundly
influencing daily life through their exceptional language understanding and contextual …

Planning with Multi-Constraints via Collaborative Language Agents

C Zhang, XD Goh, D Li, H Zhang… - Proceedings of the 31st …, 2025 - aclanthology.org
The rapid advancement of neural language models has sparked a new surge of intelligent
agent research. Unlike traditional agents, large language model-based agents (LLM agents) …