Cyclosporine A therapy for prophylaxis against graft rejection revolutionized human organ
transplantation. The immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporin A (CsA), FK506 and rapamycin …

Advances in molecular biology have had a dramatic impact on the drug discovery process.
1, 2 The ability to produce recombinant proteins of biological significance has greatly …

The initial stage of CRISPR–Cas immunity involves the integration of foreign DNA spacer
segments into the host genomic CRISPR locus. The nucleases Cas1 and Cas2 are the only …

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase–1 (PARP-1)(ADP, adenosine diphosphate) has a modular
domain architecture that couples DNA damage detection to poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation activity …

Prediction of small molecule binding modes to macromolecules of known three-dimensional
structure is a problem of paramount importance in rational drug design (the “docking” …

Some Bacteroidetes and other human colonic bacteria can degrade arabinoxylans, common
polysaccharides found in dietary fiber. Previous work has identified gene clusters …

Identifying the molecular targets for the beneficial or detrimental effects of small-molecule
drugs is an important and currently unmet challenge. We have developed a method, drug …

Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressive agent, binds two proteins: the FK506-binding
protein (FKBP12) and the FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP). A crystal structure of …

The human large intestine is populated by a high density of microorganisms, collectively
termed the colonic microbiota, which has an important role in human health and nutrition …

Spontaneous oxidation of guanine residues in DNA generates 8-oxoguanine (oxoG). By
mispairing with adenine during replication, oxoG gives rise to a G· C→ T· A transversion, a …