Multigap systems are better matched to the sun's spectrum than single gap systems and are,
therefore, more efficient as photovoltaic converters. This paper reviews the different …

Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are
investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management. An extended …

This book presents the diverse and rapidly expanding field of Entropy Generation
Minimization (EGM), the method of thermodynamic optimization of real devices. The …

Entropy generation minimization (finite time thermodynamics, or thermodynamic
optimization) is the method that combines into simple models the most basic concepts of …

Thermodynamics originated in the need to understand novel technologies developed by the
Industrial Revolution. However, over the centuries, the description of engines, refrigerators …

This paper considers intrinsic loss processes that lead to fundamental limits in solar cell
efficiency. Five intrinsic loss processes are quantified, accounting for all incident solar …

Chemical engine is an abstract model of some devices, such as solid state, photochemical,
and electrochemical devices, photovoltaic cell, and mass exchangers. Finite chemical …

The chemical pumps widely exist in various chemical systems, such as mass exchangers,
desalination systems, biological systems, electrochemical systems, photochemical systems …

Solar energy is heat of 5800 K. Any system converting solar energy in mechanical, chemical
or electrical energy is a heat engine. The second principle of thermodynamics stating that …

In this work, we revisit the theoretical study on the conversion efficiency of series-connected
multijunction solar cells. The theoretical method, based on the detailed balance model, is …