Biofilm formation is a process in which microbial cells aggregate to form collectives that are
embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive …

Biofilms are ubiquitous communities of tightly associated bacteria encased in an
extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis has long served as a robust model organism to examine …

Bacteria can form single-and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon
the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial …

Microbial biofilms are a fascinating subject, due to their significant roles in the environment,
industry, and health. Advances in biochemical and molecular techniques have helped in …

One of the most remarkable features of the evolutionary process is its capacity to construct.
In billions of years a primordial soup of organic compounds evolved to the theater of life …

The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis is widely used in agriculture as a biocontrol agent able to
protect plants from a variety of pathogens. Protection is thought to involve the formation of …

Biofilms are structured communities of tightly associated cells that constitute the
predominant state of bacterial growth in natural and human-made environments. Although …

The spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis forms matrix-enclosed biofilms in response to
environmental cues that to date remain poorly defined. Biofilm formation depends on the …

Bacillus subtilis is a soil-dwelling, spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium capable of cell
differentiation. For decades, B. subtilis has been used as a model organism to study …

The results of recent biofilm characterizations have helped reveal the complexities of these
surface‐associated communities of microorganisms. The activities of the cells and the …