Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC
is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour …

Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their
uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the …

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a potential strategy to overcome
resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with refractory melanoma; however …

The use of probiotics by cancer patients is increasing, including among those undergoing
immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Here, we elucidate a critical microbial-host …

New methods and technologies within the field of lung biology are beginning to shed new
light into the microbial world of the respiratory tract. Long considered to be a sterile …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely
increases or decreases in the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is the …

Immune evasion contributes to cancer growth and progression. Cancer cells have the ability
to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions …

Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour
microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play vital roles in bacterial communication both
intraspecifically and interspecifically. However, extracellular mechanisms of gut microbiota …