It is an urgent need that defect repair can develop from simple device fixation to living tissue
reconstruction, from short life function replacement to permanent regeneration repair. At …

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a rapidly growing field aiming to create a biofunctional
tissue that can integrate and degrade in vivo to treat diseased or damaged tissue. It has …

A growing interest in creating advanced biomaterials with specific physical and chemical
properties is currently being observed. These high-standard materials must be capable to …

The incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) into poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) matrix serving as
bone scaffold is expected to exhibit bioactivity and osteoconductivity to those of the living …

As an emerging science, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on develo**
materials to replace, restore or improve organs or tissues and enhancing the cellular …

Population ageing and various diseases have increased the demand for bone grafts in
recent decades. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) using a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold …

Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer gaining popularity as a replacement for
conventional plastics in different industrial sectors. However, PLA has inherent limitations …

Bone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused
deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology …

In severe tissue destruction, not only large number of cells are destroyed, but also the
extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a three-dimensional (3D) network that provides …

Advances in biomaterials and the need for patient-specific bone scaffolds require modern
manufacturing approaches in addition to a design strategy. Hybrid materials such as those …