Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the majority of human ailments, including spine‐
related chronic disability and back pain, which stem from age‐associated intervertebral disc …

Low back pain is a major public health concern experienced by 80% of the world's
population during their lifetime, which is closely associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) is an avascular tissue which contributes to the weight bearing,
motion, and flexibility of spine. However, IVD is susceptible to damage and even failure due …

The aim of functional tissue engineering is to repair and replace tissues that have a
biomechanical function, ie, connective orthopaedic tissues. To do this, it is necessary to …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with both structural damage and aging
related degeneration. Annulus fibrosus (AF) defects such as annular tears, herniation and …

The intervertebral disk has an excellent swelling capacity to absorb water, which is thought
to be largely due to the high proteoglycan composition. Injury, aging, degeneration, and …

Both intervertebral disc (IVD) and facet joint (FJ) degeneration are frequently associated with
chronic low back pain. While genetic factors are considered the most relevant in the onset of …

Degenerative disc degeneration (DDD) is the major cause of low back pain, which seriously
affects the life of patients. Current surgical and conservative treatments only relieve the pain …

Multi-scale finite element analysis is performed to ascertain the effect of geometrical
changes at multiple structural scales on the mechanical properties of cortical bone. Finite …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc degeneration has been subject to numerous
in vivo and in vitro investigations and numerical studies during recent decades, reporting …