Since its commercial production in the early twentieth century, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has
been widely used as a pigment1 and in sunscreens, 2, 3 paints, 4 ointments, toothpaste, 5 …

Supramolecular chemistry originally defined by Lehn as “chemistry beyond molecules”
exploits noncovalent interactions between molecules to form 1D, 2D, and 3D …

In 1991, Iijima reported on the formation of carbon nanotubes (1) using a simple arc
discharge reaction that led to an arrangement of the material in some micrometer long tubes …

We review the fabrication, properties, and solar energy applications of highly ordered TiO2
nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation of titanium in fluoride-based electrolytes. The …

Tubular and fibrous nanostructures of titanates have recently been synthesized and
characterized. Three general approaches (template assisted, anodic oxidation, and alkaline …

Templating is one of the most important techniques for the controlled synthesis of
nanostructured materials. This powerful tool uses a pre-existing guide with desired …

Functional oxides are the fundamentals of smart devices. This article reviews novel
nanostructures of functional oxides, including nanobelts, nanowires, nanosheets, and …

Owing to their large ratio of surface area to mass and volume, metal–organic frameworks
and porous carbons have revolutionized many applications that rely on chemical and …

Titanium and titanium alloys exhibit a unique combination of strength and biocompatibility,
which enables their use in medical applications and accounts for their extensive use as …

TiO 2 nanotubes or titanate nanotubes (TNTs), which are produced by hydrothermal
synthesis, have received increasing attention for photocatalytic applications due to their …