Convergent evolution of similar phenotypic features in similar environmental contexts has
long been taken as evidence of adaptation. Nonetheless, recent conceptual and empirical …

We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

In 2008, a Gallup poll showed that 44 percent of Americans believed God had created man
in his present form within the last 10,000 years. In a Pew Forum poll in the same year, 42 …

Bird beaks are textbook examples of ecological adaptation to diet, but their shapes are also
controlled by genetic and developmental histories. To test the effects of these factors on the …

Convergent evolution is an important phenomenon in the history of life. Despite this, there is
no common definition of convergence used by biologists. Instead, several conceptually …

Although rapid adaptive changes in morphology on ecological time scales are now well
documented in natural populations, the effects of such changes on whole-organism …

Measurements of whole-organism performance traits have been useful in studies of
adaptation and phenotype–environment correlations. Bite force capacities may be tightly …

Despite its importance to evolutionary theory, convergence remains an understudied
phenomenon and is usually investigated using qualitative data. This paper advances a new …

Many clades contain ecologically and phenotypically similar species across continents, yet
the processes generating this similarity are largely unstudied, leaving fundamental …

Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the elasmobranch feeding mechanism is its
functional diversity despite its morphological simplicity. Compared to the teleost skull, which …