The present study aims to use enhanced ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) as an
artificial muscle (a soft-active actuator) to restore eyelid movement of patients with ptosis …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a promising class of soft active materials. Their
high compliance, low actuation voltage, and ability to operate in wet environments have …

A water-based ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) sensor, induced by ion migration, is a
promising alternative to natural sensing systems. Focusing on water effects, this paper …

This paper presents a new approach to improve the performance of IPMC-based sensors as
reliable deflection sensors. Theoretical and experimental responses of an IPMC sensor strip …

Biology inspired inventions have been of great interest to the researcher and engineer.
Biomimicry offers special insight into nature's methods of motion control, with significance in …

Abstract Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs) are laminate microstructures composed of
an ionic electroactive polymeric membrane plated between two metal electrodes, finding …

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are one of many smart materials and have ionomer
bases with a noble metal plated on the surface. The ionomer is usually Nafion, but recently …

The success of tissue engineering constructs in restoring healthy tissue function is driven by
the interplay of cells with their microenvironmental cues. Therefore, the design of tissue …

Multiphysics modeling of ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuator is an expansive
field of research. New models that consider more detailed physics and interaction …

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are smart materials that exhibit large deformation in
response to small applied voltages, and conversely generate detectable electrical signals in …