Covariate balance is a conventional key diagnostic for methods estimating causal effects
from observational studies. Recently, there is an emerging interest in directly incorporating …

Citizens unequally participate in referendums, and this may systematically bias policy in
favor of those who vote. Some view compulsory voting as an important tool to alleviate this …

We study a unique quasi-experiment in Austria, where compulsory voting laws are changed
across Austria's nine states at different times. Analyzing state and national elections from …

Turnout rates are in decline in advanced democracies, but the consequences of this trend
for inequalities in participation have not yet been investigated in a large, comparative study …

Despite the substantial body of research on compulsory voting's (CV) relationship with
turnout, much remains unknown about the role of different types of CV rules, their …

Democratic elections imply that the electorate holds incumbents accountable for past
performance, and that voters select the party that is closest to their own political preferences …

We examine whether compulsory voting influences political participation as measured by
voter turnout, invalid voting, political interest, confidence in parliament, and party …

Purpose We compared methods to control bias and confounding in observational studies
including inverse probability weighting (IPW) and stabilized IPW (sIPW). These methods …

Political theorists have argued that democracies should strive for high turnout, leading to an
argument for the introduction of compulsory voting, one of the surest ways to increase …

A close connection between public opinion and policy is considered a vital element of
democracy. In representative systems, elections are assumed to play a role in realising such …