Directed evolution has proved to be an effective strategy for improving or altering the activity
of biomolecules for industrial, research and therapeutic applications. The evolution of …

Experimental efforts to understand how the brain represents, stores and processes
information require high-fidelity recordings of multiple different forms of neural activity within …

Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based
mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein …

At present, the prime methodology for studying neuronal circuit-connectivity, physiology and
pathology under in vitro or in vivo conditions is by using substrate-integrated microelectrode …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable monitoring of neuronal activity at
high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the utility of existing GEVIs has been limited …

Learning has been associated with modifications of synaptic and circuit properties, but the
precise changes storing information in mammals have remained largely unclear. We …

Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines
nanomaterials with biology and electronics and, in so doing, offers the potential to overcome …

Tremendous progress has been made since Neuron published our Primer on genetic
dissection of neural circuits 10 years ago. Since then, cell-type-specific anatomical …

All-optical electrophysiology—spatially resolved simultaneous optical perturbation and
measurement of membrane voltage—would open new vistas in neuroscience research. We …