Nature has achieved materials with properties and mechanisms that go far beyond the
current know-how of the engineering-materials industry. The remarkable efficiency of …

In this paper, we review analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength.
Bone fracture is a complex phenomenon due to the composite, inhomogeneous and …

Twisted plywood architectures can be observed in many biological materials with high
fracture toughness, such as in arthropod cuticles or in lamellar bone. Main purpose of this …

Several naturally occurring biological systems, such as bones, nacre or wood, display
hierarchical architectures with a central role of the nanostructuration that allows reaching …

Bone fractures are significant health concerns, particularly for the elderly population with
osteoporosis. Prediction of the risk of fracture and its prevention can help in reducing the …

The attainment of both strength and toughness is a vital requirement for most engineering
materials. Unfortunately these properties are generally mutually exclusive. Biological …

The attainment of both strength and toughness is a vital requirement for most structural
materials. Unfortunately, these properties are generally mutually exclusive in synthetic …

The nanoscale structure-function relationship is a key determinant of bone toughness or
micro-fragility. The loss of bone toughness during the aging process has been accepted …

The quality and quantity of mandibular bone are essential prerequisites for osseointegrated
implants. Only the Hounsfield unit on preoperative computed tomography is currently used …

The quest for better predictive tools as well as new preventative and therapeutic measures
for bone fragility and fracture has highlighted the need for greater mechanistic …