We describe methods for creating solar-reflective nonwhite surfaces and their application to
a wide variety of residential roofing materials, including metal, clay tile, concrete tile, wood …

While the study of geometry has mainly concentrated on single viewpoint (SVP) cameras,
there is growing attention to more general non-SVP systems. Here, we study an important …

Solar energy is one of the renewable energy resources that can be changed to the electrical
energy with photovoltaic cells. This article accomplishes a comprehensive review on the …

This paper reviews the basics of electron holography as an introduction of the holography
part of this special issue in Microscopy. We discuss the general principle of holography and …

Physical theories are developed to describe phenomena in particular regimes, and
generally are valid only within a limited range of scales. For example, general relativity …

Dammann gratings are binary phase gratings that are used to produce a one-or two-
dimensional array of equal-intensity light spots. Recently, Dammann gratings have become …

Bessel beams (BBs) appear to be immune to diffraction over finite propagation distances
due to the conical nature of light propagation along the optical axis. This offers promising …

We recently reported on an Optical Coherence Microscopy technique, whose innovation
intrinsically builds on a recently reported-2 µm invariant lateral resolution by design …

Scanning X-ray microscopy focuses radiation to a small spot and probes the sample by
raster scanning. It allows information to be obtained from secondary signals such as X-ray …

In condensed matter physics the quasi two-dimensional electron gas at the interface of two
different insulators, polar LaAlO3 on nonpolar SrTiO3 (LaAlO3/SrTiO3) is a spectacular and …