Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pervasive signaling molecules in biological systems. In
humans, a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections, while uncontrolled …

Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute liver failure (ALF).
Pyroptosis is a necrosis type related to inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role …

Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with
neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for 90–95% cases of diabetes, is characterized
by chronic inflammation. The mechanisms that control inflammation activation in T2DM are …

Pyroptosis is one special type of lytic programmed cell death, featured in cell swelling,
rupture, secretion of cell contents and remarkable proinflammation effect. In the process of …

Inflammasome sensors detect pathogen-and danger-associated molecular patterns and
promote inflammation and pyroptosis. NLRP1 was the first inflammasome sensor to be …

Neuroinflammation and epilepsy are interconnected. Brain inflammation promotes neuronal
hyper-excitability and seizures, and dysregulation in the glia immune-inflammatory function …

Background: The total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), a compound that is extracted
from Abelmoschus manihot, has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in …