The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However,
auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the …

The anatomy and physiology of olivocochlear (OC) efferents are reviewed. To help interpret
these, recent advances in cochlear mechanics are also reviewed. Lateral OC (LOC) …

Although protective effects of the cochlea's efferent feedback pathways have been well
documented, prior work has focused on hair cell damage and cochlear threshold elevation …

Brainstem olivocochlear neurons (OCNs) modulate the earliest stages of auditory
processing through feedback projections to the cochlea and have been shown to influence …

The auditory efferent system originates in the auditory cortex and projects to the medial
geniculate body (MGB), inferior colliculus (IC), cochlear nucleus (CN) and superior olivary …

Techniques for measuring efferent effects using otoacoustic emissions are now well
developed and have promise in clinical applications ranging from predicting which patients …

Subjective tinnitus is generally assumed to be a consequence of hearing loss. In animal
studies it has been demonstrated that acoustic trauma induced cochlear damage can lead to …

The inner ear receives two types of efferent feedback from the brainstem: one pathway
provides gain control on outer hair cells' contribution to cochlear amplification, and the other …

The role of the mammalian auditory olivocochlear efferent system in hearing has long been
the subject of debate. Its ability to protect against damaging noise exposure is clear, but …

Lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent neurons modulate auditory nerve fiber (ANF) activity
using a large repertoire of neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine …