Mixed-phase clouds represent a three-phase colloidal system consisting of water vapor, ice
particles, and coexisting supercooled liquid droplets. Mixed-phase clouds are ubiquitous in …

Atmospheric humidity, clouds, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are essential
components of the Arctic climate system. During recent decades, specific humidity and …

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes
are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric …

Melting of the world's major ice sheets can affect human and environmental conditions by
contributing to sea-level rise. In July 2012, an historically rare period of extended surface …

Cloud phase defines many cloud properties and determines the ways in which clouds
interact with other aspects of the climate system. The occurrence fraction and characteristics …

Clouds are the main source of uncertainties when projecting climate change. Mixed-phase
clouds that contain ice and supercooled-liquid particles are especially hard to constrain, and …

Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate
interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we …

As Arctic temperatures rise at twice the global rate, sea ice is diminishing more quickly than
models can predict. Processes that dictate Arctic cloud formation and impacts on the …

The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood
feedback processes relating to Arctic clouds and aerosol–cloud interactions contribute to a …

The Arctic climate system includes numerous highly interactive small-scale physical
processes in the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. During and since the International Polar …