For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

Symbiotic associations with microorganisms represent major sources of ecological and
evolutionary innovations in insects. Multiple insect taxa engage in symbioses with bacteria …

Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning
nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets …

The cytoplasm of prokaryotes contains many molecular machines interacting directly with
the chromosome. These vital interactions depend on the chromosome structure, as a …

Hemipterans are known as hosts to bacterial or fungal symbionts that supplement their
unbalanced diet with essential nutrients. Among them, scale insects (Coccomorpha) are …

Abstract Background Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) comprise a group of plant sap-sucking
insects that includes important agricultural pests. They have close associations not only with …

Plant sap-feeding insects (Hemiptera) rely on bacterial symbionts for nutrition absent in their
diets. These bacteria experience extreme genome reduction and require genetic resources …

Galls are defined as modifications of the normal developmental design of plants, produced
by a specific reaction to the presence and activity of a foreign organism. Although different …

Abstract Soybean (Glycine max Willd.) is one of the most economically important crops in the
world, and it's importance continuously increasing. Routine screening of Polish soybean …

Abstract Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) have long been known to transmit a number
of plant pathogens, although the elucidation of the vector-host plant-pathogen relationships …