The utilization of computer-aided technologies in tissue engineering has evolved in the
development of a new field of computer-aided tissue engineering (CATE). This article …

This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art deformable models studied in the
literature, with regard to soft tissue deformable modeling for interactive surgical simulation. It …

Advances in graphical technology have now made it possible for us to interact with
information in innovative ways, most notably by exploring multimedia environments and by …

Apparatus for controlling force applied to and for manipula tion of a Surgical instrument.
Movement and/or forces applied to the surgical instrument are preferably sensed within the …

Physically based deformable models have been widely embraced by the Computer
Graphics community. Many problems outlined in a previous survey by Gibson and Mirtich …

We describe a novel method for surgery simulation including a volumetric model built from
medical images and an elastic modeling of the deformations. The physical model is based …

This paper discusses the application of 3D solid volumetric Finite Element models to surgery
simulation. In particular it introduces three new ideas for solving the problem of achieving …

This paper presents a survey of the work done in modeling deformable objects within the
computer graphics research community. The research has a long history and a wide variety …

Modeling the deformation of human organs for surgery simulation systems has turned out to
be quite a challenge. Not only is very little known about the physical properties of general …

Most of today's medical simulation systems are based on geometric representations of
anatomical structures that take no account of their physical nature. Representing physical …