Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic
activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes …

During the past two decades, nitric oxide (NO) has been recognized as one of the most
versatile players in the immune system. It is involved in the pathogenesis and control of …

Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are highly specialized for their
primary function, the phagocytosis and destruction of microorganisms. When coated with …

Phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are of crucial importance for host
resistance to microbial pathogens. Decades of research have provided a detailed …

Engulfment and destruction of invading microorganisms by phagocytosis are critical
components of the innate immune response. In addition, phagocytosis is also required for …

Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both
invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron …

Seattle, Washington 98195 Changeux—are better established for NO/O2. This hemoglobin-
based paradigm for protein regulation (JSS, Two signaling systems, based on the principle …

SUMMARY A balanced gut microbiota contributes to health, but the mechanisms
maintaining homeostasis remain elusive. Microbiota assembly during infancy is governed by …

Immunometabolism explores how the intracellular metabolic pathways in immune cells can
regulate their function under different micro-environmental and (patho-)-physiological …

Salmonellae are important causes of enteric diseases in all vertebrates. Characterization of
the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interactions of salmonellae with their animal …