Zimbabwe offers the most recent example of the tragedy that befalls a country and its people
when cholera strikes. The 2008–2009 outbreak rapidly spread across every province and …

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger of growing recognition
involved in the regulation of a number of complex physiological processes. This review …

Biofilm formation is generally recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism against
environmental threats, including antibiotics, bacteriophages, and leukocytes of the human …

Candida albicans is the most common oral fungal pathogen of humans, but the mechanisms
by which C. albicans invades and persists within mucosal epithelium are not clear. To …

Murine models of urinary tract infection (UTI) have provided substantial data identifying
uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) virulence factors and assessing their expression in vivo …

Pathogens adapt to the host environment by altering their patterns of gene expression.
Microarray-based and genetic techniques used to characterize bacterial gene expression …

Background Despite recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of Vibrio
cholerae pathogenesis, there is relatively little knowledge of the factors that determine the …

Vibrio cholerae has evolved to adeptly transition between the human small intestine and
aquatic environments, leading to water-borne spread and transmission of the lethal …

Although central to pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms used by microbes to regulate
virulence factor production in specific environments during host–pathogen interaction are …

Mechanisms for controlling symbiont populations are critical for maintaining the associations
that exist between a host and its microbial partners. We describe here the transcriptional …