Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic and life-threatening conditions negatively affecting
the quality of patients' lives. They often have a genetic background, but oxidative stress and …

Aims The family of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites includes compounds produced
along two arms of the path and acting in clearly opposite ways. The equilibrium between …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess
neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and …

The central nervous system (CNS) is the final frontier in drug delivery because of the blood–
brain barrier (BBB), which poses significant barriers to the access of most drugs to their …

The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has increased greatly worldwide due to the
rise in life expectancy. In spite of notable development in the understanding of these …

The pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) certainly involves mitochondrial
disturbances, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. The three main aspects of …

Widely used behavioural investigation methods, such as the Morris water maze or fear
conditioning tests, can be evaluated in several different ways. Commercially available …

Kynurenines are the products of tryptophan metabolism. Among them, kynurenine and
kynurenic acid are generally thought to have neuroprotective properties, while 3 …

Drug use poses a serious threat to health systems throughout the world and the number of
consumers rises relentlessly every year. The kynurenine pathway, main pathway of …

A recent study—comparing those with depression, somatization, comorbid depression+
somatization, and controls—showed specific changes in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) …