Traditionally, neuroscientists have defined the identity of neurons by the cells' location,
morphology, connectivity and excitability. However, the direct relationship between these …

Understanding how populations of neurons encode information is the challenge faced by
researchers in the field of neural coding. Focusing on the many mysteries and marvels of the …

In view of ever-changing conditions both in the external world and in intrinsic brain states,
maintaining the robustness of computations poses a challenge, adequate solutions to which …

Resting-or baseline-state low-frequency (0.01–0.2 Hz) brain activity is observed in fMRI,
EEG, and local field potential recordings. These fluctuations were found to be correlated …

Sodium pumps are ubiquitously expressed membrane proteins that extrude three Na+ ions
in exchange for two K+ ions, using ATP as an energy source. Recent studies have …

Brain neurons can transmit signals using a flow of Na+ and K+ ions, which produce an
electrical spike called an action potential (AP)(Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952). After an AP, the …

The output of a neural circuit results from an interaction between the intrinsic properties of
neurons in the circuit and the features of the synaptic connections between them. The …

Ionic concentrations fluctuate significantly during epileptic seizures. In this study, using a
combination of in vitro electrophysiology, computer modeling, and dynamical systems …

In vitro, cerebellar Purkinje cells can intrinsically fire action potentials in a repeating trimodal
or bimodal pattern. The trimodal pattern consists of tonic spiking, bursting, and quiescence …

Central pattern generators (CPGs), specialized oscillatory neuronal networks controlling
rhythmic motor behaviors such as breathing and locomotion, must adjust their patterns of …