Mood disorders are common and debilitating conditions characterized in part by profound
deficits in reward-related behavioural domains. A recent literature has identified important …

Dopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic
pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in the brain's reward circuit have a crucial
role in mediating stress responses,,,, including determining susceptibility versus resilience to …

Major depression is characterized by diverse debilitating symptoms that include
hopelessness and anhedonia. Dopamine neurons involved in reward and motivation …

Stress often affects our social lives. When undergoing high-level or persistent stress,
individuals frequently retract from social interactions and become irritable and hostile …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous brain structure that serves a central
role in motivation and reward processing. Abnormalities in the function of VTA dopamine …

Humans exhibit a remarkable degree of resilience in the face of extreme stress, with most
resisting the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past 5 years, there has …

Anhedonia—the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli—remains a
formidable treatment challenge across neuropsychiatric disorders. In major depressive …

Chronic stress can have lasting adverse consequences in some individuals, yet others are
resilient to the same stressor,. Susceptible and resilient individuals exhibit differences in the …

Enhanced glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region critical for
reward and motivation, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression; however …