The involvement of inflammasomes in the proinflammatory response observed in chronic
liver diseases, such as alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an epidemic liver disease, affecting
approximately one quarter of the entire population in the world.(1) This disease …

Summary The interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology
because the IL‐1 family and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More …

The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this
level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal …

Specific IL-1 family cytokines are expressed by cells as cytosolic pro-forms that require
cleavage for their activity and cellular release. IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 maturation and …

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by chronic inflammation; both diseases
involve pancreatic islet inflammation, while systemic low-grade inflammation is a feature of …

More than any other cytokine family, the 11 members of the IL-1 family are associated with
innate immune responses, which occur in acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory …

IL-37 is a recently discovered cytokine in the IL-1 family exerting broad protective effects on
inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Immune and non-immune cells …

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-
inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and 4 defined or …

Adipose tissue is an immunologically active organ that controls host physiology, partly
through the release of mediators termed adipokines. In obesity, adipocytes and infiltrating …