Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a 3D imaging technique, widely used in many
applications such as augmented reality, automotive, machine vision, spacecraft navigation …

The ability to detect single photons is becoming an enabling key capability in an increasing
number of fields. Indeed, its scope is not limited to applications that specifically rely on single …

Image sensors capable of capturing individual photons have made tremendous progress in
recent years. However, this technology faces a major limitation. Because they capture scene …

This article provides a tutorial introduction to the direct Time-of-Flight (dToF) signal chain
and typical artifacts introduced due to detector and processing electronic limitations. We …

In time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), photons that arrive during the detector
and timing electronics dead times are missed, causing distortion of the detection time …

Imaging systems with temporal resolution play a vital role in a diverse range of scientific,
industrial, and consumer applications, eg, fluorescent lifetime imaging in microscopy and …

Photon-efficient imaging has enabled a number of applications relying on single-photon
sensors that can capture a 3D image with as few as one photon per pixel. In practice …

Robust object detection under photon-limited conditions is crucial for applications such as
night vision, surveillance, and microscopy, where the number of photons per pixel is low due …

Imaging in low light is difficult because the number of photons arriving at the sensor is low.
Imaging dynamic scenes in low-light environments is even more difficult because as the …

The quanta image sensor (QIS) is a photon-counting image sensor that has been
implemented using different electron devices, including impact ionization-gain devices, such …