Autophagy, self-eating, is a pivotal catabolic mechanism that ensures homeostasis and
survival of the cell in the face of stressors as different as starvation, infection, or protein …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells to the extracellular environment to mediate
inter-cellular communication. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and metabolites shuttled in these …

The ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like (Ubl) protein-conjugation cascade is initiated by E1 enzymes
that catalyze Ub/Ubl activation through C-terminal adenylation, thioester bond formation with …

Post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination are important for orchestrating the
cellular transformations that occur as the Leishmania parasite differentiates between its …

Proteolytic enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic processes, providing the cell with amino
acids through the hydrolysis of multiple endogenous and exogenous proteins. In addition to …

The majority of eukaryotic proteins undergo N-terminal (Nt) modifications facilitated by
various enzymes. These enzymes, which target the initial amino acid of a polypeptide in a …

Proteostasis regulates key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation,
transcription, and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which proteostasis is regulated are crucial …

While strides in cancer treatment continue to advance, the enduring challenges posed by
cancer metastasis and recurrence persist as formidable contributors to the elevated mortality …

SUMOylation is a dynamic, reversible, enzymatic drug‐targetable post‐translational
modification (PTM) reaction where the Small Ubiquitin‐like Modifier (SUMO) moieties are …

We had shown in our previous study that TgUrm1 (ubiquitin-related Modifier 1) was involved
in the regulation of anti-oxidant stress in Toxoplasma gondii by conjugating with TgAhp1. It …