Complex processes are involved in the protection of cells and organisms by heat shock
proteins (hsps). Aberrant protein production due to high temperatures is prevented by the …

Mammalian cells contain two distinct proteolytic pathways that are involved in different
aspects of protein breakdown. Proteins that enter the cell from the extracellular milieu (such …

Reagents that inhibit the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in cells have not been
available. Peptide aldehydes that inhibit major peptidase activities of the 20S and 26S …

Alterations in cellular ubiquitin (Ub) homeostasis, known as Ub stress, feature and affect
cellular responses in multiple conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely …

Lysosomes play a central role in the degradation of extracellular and intracellular
macromolecules. These organelles contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading …

▪ Abstract The modification of proteins by chains of ubiquitin has long been known to
mediate targeting of cytosolic and nuclear proteins for degradation by proteasomes. In this …

PATCH-CLAMP experiments have shown that fusion of secretory granules with the plasma
membrane does not always occur as an all-or-none event, but can develop slowly in a …

Oxidatively modified proteins that accumulate in aging and many diseases can form large
aggregates because of covalent cross-linking or increased surface hydrophobicity. Unless …

Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) results in a proinflammatory response needed to
combat infection. Thus, limiting TLR signaling is essential for preventing a protective …

▪ Abstract The sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic material to the yeast vacuole and
mammalian lysosome require the dynamic mobilization of cellular membranes and …