Sensory photoreceptors underpin light-dependent adaptations of organismal physiology,
development, and behavior in nature. Adapted for optogenetics, sensory photoreceptors …

Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domains serve as versatile sensor and interaction modules in signal
transduction proteins. PAS sensors detect chemical and physical stimuli and regulate the …

Fluorescent reporter proteins such as green fluorescent protein are valuable noninvasive
molecular tools for in vivo real-time imaging of living specimens. However, their use is …

Signal transduction proteins are organized into sensor (input) domains that perceive a
signal and, in response, regulate the biological activity of effector (output) domains. We …

Bioluminescence has long been used to image biological processes in vivo. This technology
features luciferase enzymes and luciferin small molecules that produce visible light …

LOV (light, oxygen or voltage) domains are protein photosensors that are conserved in
bacteria, archaea, plants and fungi, and detect blue light via a flavin cofactor. LOV domains …

Signaling photoreceptors mediate diverse organismal adaptations in response to light. As
light-gated protein switches, signaling photoreceptors provide the basis for optogenetics, a …

Phototropin-like LOV domains form a cysteinyl-flavin adduct in response to blue light but
show considerable variation in output signal and the lifetime of the photo-adduct signaling …

Light-switchable proteins enable unparalleled control of molecular biological processes in
live organisms. Previously, we have engineered red/far-red and green/red photoreversible …

Light–oxygen–voltage sensitive (LOV) flavoproteins are ubiquitous photoreceptors that
mediate responses to environmental cues. Photosensory inputs are transduced into …