Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties,
and livelihood. While early warning systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude …

An existing magma chamber is normally a necessary condition for the generation of a large
volcanic edifice. Most magma chambers form through repeated magma injections …

The redox state of Earth's convecting mantle, masked by the lithospheric plates and basaltic
magmatism of plate tectonics, is a key unknown in the evolutionary history of our planet …

Over the last few decades, significant advances in using geophysical techniques to image
the structure of magma plumbing systems have enabled the identification of zones of melt …

Silicic magmas play an important role in the formation of continental crust and are
responsible for some of the most hazardous volcanic eruptions on the planet. Low-δ 18 O …

Classical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma
ascent towards the surface. Such processes produce geophysical and geochemical signals …

A key challenge for volcanological science and hazard management is that few of the
world's volcanoes are effectively monitored. Satellite imagery covers volcanoes globally …

Most of the Earth's crust is created along 60,000 km of mid-ocean ridge system. Here,
tectonic plates spread apart and, in doing so, gradually build up stress. This stress is …

After more than a year of unrest, a small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall,
Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The eruption lasted six months. The first six weeks were …

Many rift zones contain composite volcanoes (central volcanoes), most of which are
supplied with magma from shallow crustal magma chambers. Volcanotectonic studies of …