Visual representations play a critical role in enhancing science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) learning. Educational psychology research shows that adding …

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the nature of models and their uses in
the science classroom based on a theoretical review of literature. The ideas that science …

Constructing Representations to Learn in Science Current research into student learning in
science has shifted attention from the traditional cognitivist perspectives of conceptual …

Science Learning and Instruction describes advances in understanding the nature of
science learning and their implications for the design of science instruction. The authors …

The technique of drawing to learn has received increasing attention in recent years. In this
article, we will present distinct purposes for using drawing that are based on active …

Volume III of this landmark synthesis of research ofers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art
survey highlighting new and emerging research perspectives in science education. Building …

Compared with research on the role of student engagement with expert representations in
learning science, investigation of the use and theoretical justification of student-generated …

Chemists and scientists use spatial abilities as part of the way they understand and
communicate their subject areas. A review of the foundational research literature in spatial …

Despite mixed results in research on student learning from drawing in science, there is
growing interest in the potential for this visual mode, in tandem with other modes, to enact …

Develo** fluency across symbolic-, macroscopic-, and particulate-level representations is
central to learning chemistry. Within the chemistry education community, animations and …