Tissue engineering has produced innovative tools for cancer research. 3D cancer models
based on molecularly designed biomaterials aim to harness the dimensionality and …

Heterogeneity describes the differences among cancer cells within and between tumors. It
refers to cancer cells describing variations in morphology, transcriptional profiles …

Numerous cancer-associated deaths are owing to a lack of effective diagnostic and
therapeutic approaches. Microfluidic systems for analyzing a low volume of samples offer a …

Simple Summary Microfluidic-based cancer-on-a-chip models are powerful tools to study the
tumor microenvironment (TME). Two-dimensional cell culture cannot recapitulate TME. In …

Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, has received much research
attention due to its implications for physiological processes and diseases. Most studies …

Cell migration is crucial for many biological processes, including normal development,
immune response, and tissue homeostasis and many pathological processes such as …

Microfluidic chips are valuable tools for studying intricate cellular and cell–microenvironment
interactions. Traditional in vitro cancer models lack accuracy in mimicking the complexities …

Metastasis is a major contributor to treatment failure and death in urological cancers,
representing an important biomedical challenge at present. Metastases form as a result of …

Tumor evolution is the accumulation of various tumor cell behaviors from tumorigenesis to
tumor metastasis and is regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the …

Three-dimensional cancer-on-a-chip tissue models aim to replicate the key hallmarks of the
tumour microenvironment and allow for the study of dynamic interactions that occur during …