The execution and learning of diverse movements involve neuronal networks distributed
throughout the nervous system. The brainstem and basal ganglia are key for processing …

A spinal cord injury disrupts communication between the brain and the circuits in the spinal
cord that regulate neurological functions. The consequences are permanent paralysis, loss …

The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that is expressed as the output of many integrated
brain functions. Locomotion is organized at several levels of the nervous system, with …

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a brain stem area whose stimulation triggers
graded forward locomotion. How MLR neurons recruit downstream vsx2+(V2a) …

Arrest of ongoing movements is an integral part of executing motor programs. Behavioral
arrest may happen upon termination of a variety of goal-directed movements or as a global …

Basal ganglia play a central role in regulating behavior, but the organization of their outputs
to other brain areas is incompletely understood. We investigate the largest output nucleus …

Devices that electrically modulate the deep brain have enabled important breakthroughs in
the management of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such devices are typically …

Over the past several decades, theories about cerebellar learning have evolved. A relatively
simple view that highlighted the contribution of one major form of heterosynaptic plasticity to …

The basal ganglia are essential for executing motor actions. How the basal ganglia engage
spinal motor networks has remained elusive. Medullary Chx10 gigantocellular (Gi) neurons …