Trees provide shade, absorb and reflect solar radiation, and regulate air temperature and
humidity through transpiration. Integrating these regulatory mechanisms into numerical …

Trees play a significant role in regulating microclimates and enhancing outdoor comfort.
Their effects have been widely investigated through on-site tests, wind tunnel (WT) …

Trees impact the local urban climate, notably at street level by intercepting solar radiation
and providing shading. Evapotranspiration in foliage may reduce the air temperature …

During typhoons, risk of wind destruction to trees is harder to predict for trees in urban areas
than for those in plains, and the influencing factors are more intricate. This study integrated a …

The effects of trees on urban flows are often determined using computational fluid dynamics
approaches which typically use a quadratic drag formulation based on the leaf-area density …

Wind environment is closely related to people's lives and has a great influence on the
comfort and safety of the environment. This research examines the influence of trees on …

Vehicle emissions are a major source of roadside air pollution, particularly in urban street
canyons where driveways are close to sidewalks. This paper investigates pollutant …

Urbanisation and global climate change are amplifying urban overheating, posing
challenges to livability, health outcomes, and energy consumption in built environment …