The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to
conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here …

The mammalian immune system has innate and adaptive components, which cooperate to
protect the host against microbial infections. The innate immune system consists of …

A comprehensive introduction to the role of epidemiology in veterinary medicine This fully
revised and expanded edition of Veterinary Epidemiology introduces readers to the field of …

Various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein
secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. It is becoming increasingly clear that …

Most pandemics—eg, HIV/AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, pandemic influenza—
originate in animals, are caused by viruses, and are driven to emerge by ecological …

We have used Escherichia coli as a model system to investigate the initiation of biofilm
formation. Here, we demonstrate that E. coli forms biofilms on multiple abiotic surfaces in a …

The flagellum is an important virulence factor for bacteria pathogenic to animals and plants.
Here we demonstrate that plants have a highly sensitive chemoperception system for …

The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that associates a resident microbiota and
cells of various phenotypes lining the epithelial wall expressing complex metabolic activities …

The development of novel therapies to control diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant
pathogens is one of the major challenges we are currently facing. Many important plant …

Fluctuations in rates of gene expression can produce highly erratic time patterns of protein
production in individual cells and wide diversity in instantaneous protein concentrations …