The strength of the immune response and the outcome of the interaction of a host with a
parasite are influenced by genetic and phenotypic characteristics of both parties, and by …

Abstract The widely-distributed North American species Peromyscus leucopus and P.
maniculatus of cricetine rodents are, between them, important natural reservoirs for several …

There is particular interest in understanding socioeconomic and ethnic variability in health
status. The developmental origins of disease hypothesis emphasize the importance of …

Symbiotic associations are not only ubiquitous in nature, but they also play fundamental
roles in ecology and evolution. This paper discusses symbiosis with regards to the fitness …

Male‐biased infection is a common phenomenon in vertebrate‐parasite systems and male‐
biased transmission has been experimentally demonstrated. One mechanism that is …

The mechanisms underlying parasite-altered host behavior and fitness remain largely
unanswered. The purpose of this review is to provide a perspective that has not been fully …

Detrimental effects of parasitism on host fitness are frequently attributed to parasite-
associated perturbations to host energy budgets. It has therefore been widely hypothesized …

Parasites have been suggested to influence many aspects of host behaviour. Some of these
effects may be mediated via their impact on host energy budgets. This impact may include …

The process of disease transmission is determined by the interaction of host susceptibility
and exposure to parasite infectious stages. Host behavior is an important determinant of the …

Parasitized animals may alter their life histories to minimize the costs of parasitism.
Organisms are predicted to decrease investment in current reproduction when parasitism …