To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood,
adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for …

Since corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was first characterized, a growing family of ligands
and receptors has evolved. The mammalian family members include CRF, urocortinI (UcnI) …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

It has been hypothesized that ethanol's actions on the dopamine (DA) system may
participate in addiction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the DA system in the brain …

The role of withdrawal‐related phenomena in the development and maintenance of alcohol
addiction remains under debate. A 'self‐medication'framework postulates that emotional …

The impact of ostensibly aversive social stresses on triggering, amplifying and prolonging
intensely rewarding drug taking is an apparent contradiction in need of resolution. Social …

Rationale While stress is often proposed to play a significant role in influencing alcohol
consumption, the relationship between stress and alcohol is complex and poorly …

Background: Many teenagers report frequent alcohol use during the adolescent period.
Animal models may be an important tool for exploring factors that contribute to alcohol …

Rationale: Intermittent footshock stress reliably reinstates extinguished alcohol-taking
behavior in drug-free rats, but the neurochemical events involved in this effect are not …

Though certain characteristics found in human adolescents are clearly unique, there are
other key characteristics of this developmental stage that are common across a number of …