Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural
and built environments (eg, 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Year-to-year changes in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems have an essential role in
determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It remains uncertain to what extent …

Rising air temperatures are a leading risk to global crop production. Recent research has
emphasized the critical role of moisture availability in regulating crop responses to heat and …

Soil moisture–atmosphere coupling (SA) amplifies greenhouse gas-driven global warming
via changes in surface heat balance. The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project projects …

Accurate land use land cover (LULC) classification is vital for the sustainable management
of natural resources and to learn how the landscape is changing due to climate. For …

Traditional, mainstream definitions of drought describe it as deficit in water‐related variables
or water‐dependent activities (eg, precipitation, soil moisture, surface and groundwater …

The cooling effect of blue-green space has been recognized as a promising approach to
mitigate the urban heat island (UHI), while the quantitative role (threshold-size for cooling) is …

Partitioning uncertainty in projections of future climate change into contributions from
internal variability, model response uncertainty and emissions scenarios has historically …