Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) complicates 5–18% of pregnancies globally and is a leading
cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most PTB is spontaneous and idiopathic …

Although individual behaviors have not been proven to have a strong influence on the risk of
preterm birth, consistent evidence suggests that a constellation of favorable lifestyle factors …

Inflammation is a process by which tissues respond to various insults. It is characterized by
upregulation of chemokines, cytokines, and pattern recognition receptors that sense …

Innate immune receptors recognize microorganism-specific motifs. One such receptor–
ligand complex is formed between the mammalian Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–MD2–CD14 …

Preterm labor is defined as labor that begins before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
More than 12% of infants born in the USA are preterm. At least 40% of preterm births are …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection among women of
childbearing age. This condition is notorious for causing severe complications related to the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important part in the innate immune recognition of
invading microorganisms, initiating sufficient immune responses. Growing amounts of data …

Evidence from family and twin-based studies provide strong support for a significant
contribution of maternal and fetal genetics to the timing of parturition and spontaneous …

Citation Koga K, Mor G. Toll‐like receptors at the maternal–fetal interface in normal
pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 Toll‐like receptors (TLR) …

Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite a growing body
of evidence correlating inflammation with preterm birth, the signal transduction pathways …