The water industries (WIN) are now approaching towards sustainability of resource use,
recovery process, and water and energy management based on the circular economy (CRE) …

In the framework of minimum liquid discharge (MLD) or zero liquid discharge (ZLD),
sustainable brine management can be achieved via appropriate hybrid treatment …

The alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal elements, located in the adjacent main-groups of
the periodic table, always have similar electronic structures and chemical properties. Thus …

Desalination brine is extremely concentrated saline water; it contains various salts, nutrients,
heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microbial contaminants. Conventional disposal of …

This study investigates the environmental impact (EI) and water footprint (WF) of four
seawater (SW) desalination configurations that combine both standalone and hybrid …

The development of low-resistance ion-exchange membranes enabling fast transport of
large-sized metallic anions is extremely desirable for the treatment of metal containing …

The world is experiencing serious shortages, unequal distributions, and contamination of the
available freshwater resources. Many factors like geography, climate change, increasing …

Before investing in any optimizing technology for the recovery and reuse of brine resources,
it is of importance to study the full physicochemical characteristics of the brine. In the current …

Reject brine and carbon dioxide are pollutants commonly released by industries. These
pollutants often contain different types of ions, including monovalent and multivalent ions …

In this study, a direct and systematic comparison of softening nanofiltration (SNF) and
selective electrodialysis (SED) processes was made for the first time. First, the effects of key …