Sensory memory, formed at the beginning while perceiving and interacting with the
environment, is considered a primary source of intelligence. Transferring such biological …

Over the past half-century, we have gained significant insights into the molecular biology of
long-term memory storage at the level of the synapse. In recent years, our understanding of …

It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In
particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as …

Sense digitalization, the process of transforming sensory experiences into digital data, is an
emerging research frontier that links the physical world with human perception and …

Understanding the underlying mechanisms of memory formation and maintenance has been
a major goal in the field of neuroscience. Memory formation and maintenance are tightly …

Ample evidence has demonstrated that sex steroid hormones, such as the potent estrogen
17β-estradiol (E2), affect hippocampal morphology, plasticity, and memory in male and …

Trettenbrein has argued that the concept of the synapse as the locus of memory is outdated
and has made six critiques of this concept. In this article, we examine these six critiques and …

The amount and availability of proteins are regulated by their synthesis, degradation, and
transport. These processes can specifically, locally, and temporally regulate a protein or a …

Progress in neuroimmunology established that the nervous and the immune systems are
two functionally related physiological systems. Unique sensory and immune receptors …

With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in
peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury …