Genome-scale data and the development of novel statistical phylogenetic approaches have
greatly aided the reconstruction of a broad sketch of the tree of life and resolved many of its …

The Wnt signal transduction pathway has essential roles in the formation of the primary body
axis during development, cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis. This animal …

A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies)
are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply …

Artificial intelligence-based protein structure prediction methods such as AlphaFold have
revolutionized structural biology. The accuracies of these predictions vary, however, and …

Animal genomes show networks of deeply conserved gene linkages whose phylogenetic
scope and chromosomal context remain unclear. Here, we report chromosome-scale …

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in
the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition …

A fundamental breakthrough in neurobiology has been the formulation of the neuron
doctrine by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, which stated that the nervous system is composed of …

Rapid growth of genome data provides opportunities for updating microbial evolutionary
relationships, but this is challenged by the discordant evolution of individual genes. Here we …

A classification of the entire Phylum Nematoda is presented, based on current molecular,
developmental and morphological evidence. The classification reflects the evolutionary …

Proper biological interpretation of a phylogeny can sometimes hinge on the placement of
key taxa—or fail when such key taxa are not sampled. In this light, we here present the first …