The microenvironment (local environment), including viscosity, temperature, polarity,
hypoxia, and acidic-basic status (pH), plays indispensable roles in cellular processes …

Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved physiological process
that degrades over-abundant or damaged organelles, large protein aggregates and …

Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor capable of facilitating apoptosis, mitigating angiogenesis
and suppressing tumor cell proliferation. In late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large family of RNA molecules with no capability in
encoding proteins. However, they participate in developmental and biological processes …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious gastrointestinal tract disease for which the 5-year
survival rate is less than 10%, even in developed countries such as the USA. The genomic …

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,
underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
amongst civilians and military personnel globally. Despite advances in our knowledge of the …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life changing neurological condition with substantial
socioeconomic implications for patients and their care-givers. Recent advances in medical …

Aging is a major cause of many degenerative diseases. The most intuitive consequence of
aging is mainly manifested on the skin, resulting in cumulative changes in skin structure …