The tympanic membrane is a key component of the human auditory apparatus which is a
complex biomechanical system, devoted to sound reception and perception. Over the past …

With developments in software and micro-measurement technology, a three-dimensional
middle ear finite element (FE) model can now be more easily constructed to study sound …

The tympanic membrane is a key component of the human auditory apparatus. Good
estimates of tympanic membrane mechanical properties are important to obtain realistic …

ABSTRACT A multitude of morphological aspects of the human middle ear (ME) were
studied qualitatively and/or quantitatively through the postprocessing and interpretation of …

Hearing is an extremely complex phenomenon, involving a large number of interrelated
variables that are difficult to measure in vivo. In order to investigate such process under …

The finite element (FE) model of the human ear has been developed to analyze the middle
ear and cochlea function in relation to the ear structures. However, the energy absorbance …

Middle ear ossicles transfer and amplify sound waves from the Tympanic Membrane (TM) to
the inner ear and function as impedance transformers to overcome impedance mismatches …

In extremely loud noise environments, it is important to not only protect one's hearing against
noise transmitted through the air-conduction (AC) pathway, but also through the bone …

Stapedial annular ligament (SAL) provides a sealed but mobile boundary between the
stapes footplate and oval window bony wall. Mechanical properties of the SAL affect the …

The mechanical behavior of human tympanic membrane (TM) has been investigated
extensively under quasistatic loading conditions in the past. The results, however, are …