In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in the simultaneous measurement of
neuronal activity across many brain regions, enabling fundamentally new explorations of the …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with hundreds of genes
spanning a wide range of biological functions,,,,–. The alterations in the human brain …

Cortical state, defined by population-level neuronal activity patterns, determines sensory
perception. While arousal-associated neuromodulators—including norepinephrine (NE) …

INTRODUCTION Electrode arrays based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
silicon fabrication technology, such as Neuropixels probes, have enabled recordings of …

Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, help to regulate brain function by removing
dying neurons, pruning non-functional synapses, and producing ligands that support …

We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution,
multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a …

In the hippocampus, spatial maps are formed by place cells while contextual memories are
thought to be encoded as engrams,,,,–. Engrams are typically identified by expression of the …

The nervous system uses various coding strategies to process sensory inputs. For example,
the olfactory system uses large receptor repertoires and is wired to recognize diverse …