Ecosystems are shaped by complex interactions between species and their environment.
However, humans are rapidly changing the environment through increased carbon dioxide …

The partial pressure of CO2 in the oceans has increased rapidly over the past century,
driving ocean acidification and raising concern for the stability of marine ecosystems …

The effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the Earth's temperature have
been known since the end of the 19th century. It was long believed that the oceans' buffering …

Mass coral bleaching causes population declines and mortality of coral reef species yet its
impacts on behaviour are largely unknown. Here, we unite behavioural theory with …

Increases in atmospheric CO 2 levels and associated ocean changes are expected to have
dramatic impacts on marine ecosystems. Although the Southern Ocean is experiencing …

Highlights•We measured startle response (time to open) in mussels following a predator
cue.•We tested effects of temperature, pH and size and measured repeatability.•Larger …

As living carbonate-based structures, coral reefs are highly vulnerable to ocean acidification.
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the largest continuous coral reef system in the world. Its …

Recent studies demonstrate that diel CO2 cycles, such as those prevalent in many shallow
water habitats, can potentially modify the effects of ocean acidification conditions on marine …

Cleaning symbioses are key mutualistic interactions where cleaners remove ectoparasites
and tissues from client fishes. Such interactions elicit beneficial effects on clients' …

Increased levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2) drive ocean acidification and have been
predicted to increase the energy use of marine fishes via physiological and behavioural …